Semiconductor structure and manufacturing method thereof and flash memory

ABSTRACT

Disposed are a semiconductor structure, a manufacturing method thereof and a flash memory. The semiconductor structure includes a substrate, first isolation structures, a gate structure and an oxide layer. The first isolation structures define a first active area in a peripheral region of the substrate. The oxide layer is disposed on the substrate in the first active area and covered by the first isolation structures. The oxide layer and the first isolation structures define an opening exposing the substrate. The gate structure is disposed on the substrate in the first active area and includes a gate dielectric layer disposed in the opening and a gate disposed on the gate dielectric layer. The oxide layer is located around the gate dielectric layer. The width of the bottom surface of the gate is less than that of the top surface of the first active area.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the priority benefit of Taiwan application serial no. 109125446, filed on Jul. 28, 2020. The entirety of the above-mentioned patent application is hereby incorporated by reference herein and made a part of this specification.

BACKGROUND Technical Field

The invention relates to a semiconductor structure and a manufacturing method thereof, in particular to a semiconductor structure having a gate dielectric layer in the peripheral region of a substrate, a manufacturing method thereof and a flash memory.

Description of Related Art

For the peripheral region of the substrate in a flash memory, when forming peripheral devices (such as logic devices), a gate dielectric layer is usually formed on the substrate in the active area, and then a gate is formed on the gate dielectric layer. However, the oxide layer disposed on the substrate in the active area must be removed before the gate dielectric layer is formed, so that an opening is defined by the isolation structure, wherein the width of the bottom surface of the opening is greater than the width of the top surface of the active area, and a part of the substrate is exposed by the opening. As a result, the gate dielectric layer subsequently formed in the opening has a thinner thickness at the edge of the active area, resulting in uneven thickness of the gate dielectric layer, which affects the device performance. Furthermore, since the thickness of the gate dielectric layer at the edge of the active area is thinner, the leakage current is easily occur at the edge of the active area during the operation of the device.

SUMMARY

The present invention provides a semiconductor structure, a manufacturing method thereof and a flash memory, in which the gate dielectric layer in the peripheral region of the substrate may have a uniform thickness, thereby the occurrence of the leakage current may be avoided.

A semiconductor structure of the present invention includes a substrate having a peripheral region, a plurality of first isolation structures, an oxide layer and a gate structure. The plurality of first isolation structures defines a first active area in the peripheral region of the substrate. The oxide layer is disposed on the substrate in the first active area and covered by the plurality of first isolation structures, wherein an opening exposing a part of the substrate is defined by the oxide layer and the plurality of first isolation structures. The gate structure is disposed on the substrate in the first active area and includes a gate dielectric layer and a gate. The gate dielectric layer is disposed on the substrate in the opening, so that the oxide layer is located around the gate dielectric layer. The gate is disposed on the gate dielectric layer, wherein the width of the bottom surface of the gate is less than the width of the top surface of the first active area.

A manufacturing method of the semiconductor structure of the present invention includes the following steps. A plurality of first isolation structures is formed in a peripheral region of a substrate, so that a first active area is defined between the plurality of first isolation structures. An oxide layer is formed on the substrate in the first active area, wherein the oxide layer is covered by the plurality of first isolation structures, and the oxide layer and the plurality of first isolation structures define an opening exposing a part of the substrate. A gate structure is formed on the substrate in the first active area. The steps of forming the gate structure includes the following steps. A gate dielectric layer is formed on the substrate in the opening, so that the oxide layer is located around the gate dielectric layer. A gate is formed on the gate dielectric layer, wherein the width of the bottom surface of the gate is less than the width of the top surface of the first active area.

A flash memory of the present invention includes a substrate having a memory region and a peripheral region, a plurality of isolation structures, a memory structure and a gate structure. The plurality of isolation structures is disposed in the substrate and defines an active area. The memory structure is disposed on the substrate in the memory region. The memory structure includes a tunneling dielectric layer, a floating gate, conductive spacers, a control gate and an inter-gate dielectric layer. The tunneling dielectric layer is disposed on the substrate in the active area. The floating gate is disposed on the tunneling dielectric layer. The conductive spacers are disposed on the sidewalls of the floating gate. The control gate covers the floating gate and the conductive spacers. The inter-gate dielectric layer is disposed between the control gate and the floating gate and between the control gate and the conductive spacers. The gate structure is disposed on the substrate in the active area in the peripheral region, wherein the width of the bottom surface of the gate structure is less than the width of the top surface of the active area in the peripheral region.

Based on the above, in the peripheral region of the semiconductor structure of the present invention, an oxide layer is disposed at the edge of the active area, so that a gate dielectric layer subsequently formed in an opening defined by the oxide layer may have an uniform thickness, and thus the occurrence of the leakage current may be avoided. In addition, in a flash memory of the present invention, a conductive spacer is disposed on the sidewalls of a floating gate in a memory structure, so that the gate coupling rate of the memory structure may be improved. In addition, the width of the bottom surface of a gate structure in the peripheral region is less than the width of the top surface of the active area in the peripheral region, so that a gate dielectric layer in a gate structure may have a uniform thickness, and thus the occurrence of the leakage current may be avoided.

To make the aforementioned more comprehensible, several embodiments accompanied with drawings are described in detail as follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

FIGS. 1A to 1J are schematic cross-sectional views of a manufacturing process of a semiconductor structure according to an embodiment of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

The embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not drawn to the original dimensions. For the sake of easy understanding, the same elements in the following description will be denoted by the same reference numerals.

Referring to FIG. 1A, a substrate 100 is provided. The substrate 100 is, for example, a silicon substrate. The substrate 100 has a peripheral region 100 a and a memory region 100 b. The peripheral region 100 a is an area where various peripheral devices (such as logic devices) may be formed, and the memory region 100 b is an area where various memory structures (such as flash memory units) may be formed. Then, an oxide material layer 102, a first conductive layer 104 and a first mask layer 106 are sequentially formed on the substrate 100. In this embodiment, the first conductive layer 104 is, for example, a polysilicon layer, which is used to form a floating gate in a memory structure to be formed later. In addition, in this embodiment, the first mask layer 106 is, for example, a silicon oxide layer or a silicon nitride layer, but the invention is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the first mask layer 106 may also be a composite mask layer composed of a silicon nitride layer and a silicon oxide layer.

Referring to FIG. 1B, the first conductive layer 104 and the first mask layer 106 in the peripheral region 100 a are patterned to form a first stack structure 108 a on the oxide material layer 102 in the peripheral region 100 a. In this embodiment, only one first stack structure 108 a is drawn, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In detail, in this embodiment, a patterned photoresist layer (not shown) covering the memory region 100 b and a part of the peripheral region 100 a is formed on the first mask layer 106, and then an anisotropic etching process (such as a reactive ion etching (RIE) process) is performed to remove a part of the first conductive layer 104 and a part of the first mask layer 106 in the peripheral region 100 a, so that the first patterned conductive layer 104 a and the first patterned mask layer 106 a are formed in the peripheral region 100 a. After that, the patterned photoresist layer is removed. The method of patterning the first conductive layer 104 and the first mask layer 106 in the peripheral region 100 a is well known to those skilled in the art, and the present invention is not limited thereto. The first patterned conductive layer 104 a and the first patterned mask layer 106 a constitute a first stack structure 108 a. Then, the first patterned conductive layer 104 a in the first stack structure 108 a is partially removed, so that the width of the first patterned conductive layer 104 a is less than the width of the first patterned mask layer 106 a. In this embodiment, the method for partially removing the first patterned conductive layer 104 a is, for example, a dry etching process.

Referring to FIG. 1C, the first conductive layer 104 and the first mask layer 106 in the memory region 100 b are patterned to form second stack structures 108 b on the oxide material layer 102 in the memory region 100 b. In this embodiment, only three second stack structures 108 b are drawn, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In detail, in this embodiment, a patterned mask layer (not shown) covering the peripheral region 100 a and a part of the memory region 100 b is formed, and then an anisotropic etching process (such as a reactive ion etching process) is performed to remove a part of the first conductive layer 104 and a part of the first mask layer 106 in the memory region 100 b, so that a second patterned conductive layer 104 b and a second patterned mask layer 106 b are formed in the memory region 100 b. After that, the patterned mask layer is removed. The method of patterning the first conductive layer 104 and the first mask layer 106 in the memory region 100 b is well known to those skilled in the art, and the present invention is not limited thereto. The second patterned conductive layer 104 b and the second patterned mask layer 106 b constitute second stack structures 108 b.

Afterwards, using the first stack structure 108 a and the second stack structures 108 b as a mask, an anisotropic etching process (such as a reactive ion etching process) is performed to partially remove the oxide material layer 102 and the substrate 100, so that first trenches 110 a are formed in the peripheral region 100 a and second trenches 110 b are formed in the memory region 100 b. In the peripheral region 100 a, a first active area 100 a′ is defined between the first trenches 110 a, and in the memory region 100 b, second active areas 100 b′ are defined between the second trenches 110 b. In addition, the oxide material layer 102 remaining on the substrate 100 in the first active area 100 a′ and the second active areas 100 b′ is formed as an oxide layer 102 a. At this time, the sidewalls of the oxide layer 102 a in the peripheral region 100 a are aligned with the boundary of the top surface of the first active area 100 a′, and the sidewalls of the oxide layer 102 a in the memory region 100 b are aligned with the boundary of the top surface of the second active areas 100 b′. In addition, the oxide layer 102 a and the second patterned conductive layer 104 b in the second active areas 100 b′ may be respectively used as a tunneling dielectric layer and a floating gate in a memory structure formed later.

In this embodiment, since the device density in the memory region 100 b is greater than the device density in the peripheral region 100 a, the depth of the first trenches 110 a is greater than the depth of the second trenches 110 b after the anisotropic etching process is performed.

Referring to FIG. 1D, first isolation structures 112 a are formed in the first trenches 110 a and second isolation structures 112 b are formed in the second trenches 110 b. In the peripheral region 100 a, the first isolation structures 112 a cover a part of the surface of the oxide layer 102 a. In detail, in this embodiment, after forming the first trench 110 a and the second trenches 110 b, an isolation material layer is formed on the substrate 100, and the isolation material layer covers the first stack structure 108 a and the second tack structures 108 b and fills the first trenches 110 a and the second trenches 110 b. The isolation material layer is, for example, a spin-on glass (SOG) layer. Then, a planarization process (such as a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process) is performed to remove a part of the isolation material layer until the top surface of the first stack structure 108 a and the top surface of the second stack structures 108 b are exposed. Then, a mask layer (for example, a photoresist layer) is formed to cover the peripheral region 100 a. Then, using the mask layer and the second stack structures 108 b as a mask, a dry etching process is performed to remove a part of the second isolation structures 112 b, so that the top surface of the second isolation structures 112 b is lower than the top surface of the first isolation structures 112 a. After that, the mask layer is removed. Thereby, a recess is formed on each of the isolation structures 112 b between the second stack structures 108 b.

Referring to FIG. 1E, a blanket dry etching process is performed to remove a part of the first isolation structures 112 a and a part of the second isolation structures 112 b, so that the top surface of the first isolation structures 112 a and the top surface of the second isolation structures 112 b are lowered to the same level and not lower than the top surface of the second patterned conductive layer 104 b. In this embodiment, the top surface of the first isolation structures 112 a and the top surface of the second isolation structures 112 b are lowered to be coplanar with the top surface of the second patterned conductive layer 104 b.

In particular, in this embodiment, although the device density in the memory region 100 b is different from the device density in the peripheral region 100 a and it may affect the etching rates in the two regions, since the top surface of the second isolation structures 112 b is appropriately lower than the top surface of the first isolation structures 112 a in the step described in FIG. 1D, it becomes easy to control the top surface of the first isolation structures 112 a and the top surface of the second isolation structures 112 b to the same level after the dry etching process described in FIG. 1E.

After that, the first patterned mask layer 106 a and the second patterned mask layer 106 b are removed. Then, a protective layer 114 is formed on the first stack structure 108 a, the second stack structures 108 b, the first isolation structures 112 a and the second isolation structures 112 b. In this embodiment, the protective layer 114 is, for example, a nitride layer, but the invention is not limited to this. In other embodiments, the protective layer 114 may also be a composite layer composed of an oxide layer and a nitride layer.

Referring to FIG. 1F, a mask layer (such as a photoresist layer) is formed to cover the memory region 100 b. Then, using the mask layer as a mask, an anisotropic etching process (such as a reactive ion etching process) is performed to remove the protective layer 114 in the peripheral region 100 a. After that, the mask layer is removed. Then, the first patterned conductive layer 104 a is removed to expose a part of the oxide layer 102 a. After the oxide layer 102 a is partially exposed, an ion implantation process may be performed to implant dopants into the substrate 100 in the peripheral region 100 a for adjusting the conductivity type of the substrate 100 in the first active area 100 a′. After that, a part of the first isolation structures 112 a in the peripheral region 100 a may be removed to lower the height of the top surface of the first isolation structures 112 a, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, since the protective layer 114 covers the memory region 100 b, damage to the layers in the memory region 100 b may be avoided during the first patterned conductive layer 104 a and the part of the first isolation structures 112 a are removed.

Referring to FIG. 1G, the oxide layer 102 a that is not covered by the first isolation structures 112 a in the peripheral region 100 a is removed to expose a part of the substrate 100. At this time, the remaining oxide layer 102 a is located at the edge of the first active area 100 a′ to form the oxide layer 116, and the oxide layer 116 is covered by the first isolation structures 112 a. Next, a dielectric layer 118 is formed on the substrate 100 exposed by the first isolation structures 112 a in the peripheral region 100 a. In this embodiment, the dielectric layer 118 is, for example, an oxide layer, which is used as a gate dielectric layer in a peripheral device (for example, a logic device) formed later. At this time, the oxide layer 116 is located around the dielectric layer 118. In addition, the thickness of the dielectric layer 118 may be greater than or equal to the thickness of the oxide layer 116, that is, the top surface of the oxide layer 116 is not higher than the top surface of the gate dielectric layer. After that, a gate material layer 120 is formed on the substrate 100. The gate material layer 120 covers the protective layer 114, the first isolation structures 112 a and the dielectric layer 118. In this embodiment, the gate material layer 120 is, for example, a polysilicon layer, which is used as a gate in a peripheral device (for example, a logic device) formed later.

Referring to FIG. 1H, the gate material layer 120 in the memory region 100 b is removed, and the gate material layer 120 in the peripheral region 100 a is remained. Then, the protective layer 114 is removed to expose the second patterned conductive layer 104 b and the second isolation structures 112 b in the memory region 100 b. Afterwards, an etching process is performed to remove a part of the second isolation structures 112 b so as to be moderately lower than the top surface of the second patterned conductive layer 104 b, but not lower than the top surface of the oxide layer 102 a. In this embodiment, after removing the part of the second isolation structures 112 b, the top surface of the second isolation structures 112 b and the top surface of the oxide layer 102 a are coplanar. In this way, the sidewalls of the second patterned conductive layer 104 b may be exposed to the greatest extent, which is beneficial to increase the gate coupling rate of the subsequently formed memory structure.

After that, conductive spacers 122 are formed on the sidewalls of the second patterned conductive layer 104 b. In this embodiment, the material of the conductive spacers 122 is, for example, polysilicon. The forming method of the conductive spacers 122 is, for example, to conformally form a spacer material layer on the substrate 100 and then perform an anisotropic etching process to partially remove the spacer material layer. At this time, the conductive spacers 122 are formed on the sidewalls of the second patterned conductive layer 104 b, and the bottom surface of the conductive spacers 122 is not lower than the top surface of the oxide layer 102 a.

In this embodiment, depending on the space between adjacent second patterned conductive layers 104 b and the thickness of the inter-gate dielectric layer and the thickness of the control gate in the subsequently formed memory structure, the ratio of the width of the conductive spacer 122 (the thickness of the spacer material layer) to the width of the second patterned conductive layer 104 b does not exceed 1:4.5. Preferably, the ratio of the width of the conductive spacer 122 to the width of the second patterned conductive layer 104 b is between 1:9 and 1:4.5. For example, when the width of the second patterned conductive layer 104 b is 45 nm, the width of the conductive spacer 122 does not exceed 10 nm, preferably between 5 nm and 10 nm. The conductive spacers 122 may be used to increase the size of the floating gate in the subsequently formed memory structure for increasing the gate coupling rate of the memory structure. In other words, the conductive spacers 122 and the second patterned conductive layer 104 b may also be regarded as a floating gate in the memory structure as a whole.

Referring to FIG. 1I, a dielectric layer 124 is formed to cover the second patterned conductive layer 104 b and the conductive spacers 122. In this embodiment, the dielectric layer 124 is conformally formed on the substrate 100. In addition, in this embodiment, the dielectric layer 124 is, for example, an oxide layer, but the invention is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, the dielectric layer 124 may also be a composite dielectric layer composed of a silicon oxide layer, a silicon nitride layer and a silicon oxide layer, which is also known as an ONO composite dielectric layer. Then, a second conductive layer 126 is formed on the dielectric layer 124. In this embodiment, the second conductive layer 126 is, for example, a polysilicon layer, which is used to form the control gate in the memory structure formed later.

Referring to FIG. 1J, the second conductive layer 126 and the dielectric layer 124 in the peripheral region 100 a are removed to expose the gate material layer 120. At this time, the second conductive layer 126 remained in the memory region 100 b serves as the control gate in the memory structure. Then, the gate material layer 120 in the peripheral region 100 a is patterned to form the gate 120 a. The gate 120 a includes a first portion 121 a on the dielectric layer 118 and a second portion 121 b on the first portion 121 a, and the width of the first portion 121 a is less than the width of the second portion 121 b. In other words, in this embodiment, the width of the bottom surface of the gate 120 a is less than the width of the top surface of the first active area 100 a′. In this way, the semiconductor structure 10 of this embodiment is completed.

In the semiconductor structure 10 of this embodiment, since conductive spacers 122 are disposed on the sidewalls of the floating gate (the second patterned conductive layer 104 b) in the memory structure, when the device size is gradually reduced, the memory structure may still have enough gate coupling rate to avoid performance degradation of memory structure.

In addition, for the peripheral devices in the peripheral region 100 a, since the oxide layer 102 a is disposed at the edge of the first active area 100 a′, the gate dielectric layer (the dielectric layer 118) subsequently formed in the opening defined by the oxide layer 102 a may have a uniform thickness. As a result, the problem that the thickness of the gate dielectric layer in the peripheral region is thinner at the edge of the active area in the art is solved, and therefore the occurrence of the leakage current may be effectively avoided.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. In view of the foregoing, it is intended that the disclosure covers modifications and variations disposed that they fall within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A semiconductor structure, comprising: a substrate, having a peripheral region; a plurality of first isolation structures, defining a first active area in the peripheral region of the substrate; an oxide layer, disposed on the substrate in the first active area and covered by the plurality of first isolation structures, wherein an opening exposing a part of the substrate is defined by the oxide layer and the plurality of first isolation structures; and a gate structure, disposed on the substrate in the first active area and comprises: a gate dielectric layer, disposed on the substrate in the opening, so that the oxide layer is located around the gate dielectric layer; and a gate, disposed on the gate dielectric layer, wherein the width of the bottom surface of the gate is less than the width of the top surface of the first active area.
 2. The semiconductor structure of claim 1, wherein the gate has a first portion and a second portion, the first portion is disposed on the gate dielectric layer, the second portion is disposed on the first portion, and the width of the first portion is less than the width of the second portion.
 3. The semiconductor structure of claim 2, wherein the sidewalls of the first portion are aligned with the sidewalls of the gate dielectric layer.
 4. The semiconductor structure of claim 1, wherein the top surface of the oxide layer is not higher than the top surface of the gate dielectric layer.
 5. The semiconductor structure of claim 1, wherein the outer sidewalls of the oxide layer are aligned with the boundary of the top surface of the first active area.
 6. The semiconductor structure of claim 2, wherein a part of the first isolation structures extends to be located between the oxide layer and the second portion of the gate.
 7. The semiconductor structure of claim 1, wherein the substrate has a memory region, and the semiconductor structure further comprises: a plurality of second isolation structures, defining a second active area in the memory region of the substrate; and a memory structure, disposed on the substrate in the memory region and comprises: a tunneling dielectric layer, disposed on the substrate in the second active area; a floating gate, disposed on the tunneling dielectric layer; conductive spacers, disposed on the sidewalls of the floating gate; a control gate, covering the floating gate and the conductive spacers; and an inter-gate dielectric layer, disposed between the control gates and the floating gate and between the control gate and the conductive spacers.
 8. The semiconductor structure of claim 7, wherein the bottom surface of the conductive spacers is not lower than the top surface of the tunneling dielectric layer.
 9. The semiconductor structure of claim 7, wherein the ratio of the width of the conductive spacers to the width of the floating gate does not exceed 1:4.5.
 10. A manufacturing method of a semiconductor structure, comprising: forming a plurality of first isolation structures in a peripheral region of a substrate, so that a first active area is defined between the plurality of first isolation structures; forming an oxide layer on the substrate in the first active area, wherein the oxide layer is covered by the plurality of first isolation structures, and the oxide layer and the plurality of first isolation structures define an opening exposing a part of the substrate; and forming a gate structure on the substrate in the first active area, wherein the steps of forming the gate structure comprises: forming a gate dielectric layer on the substrate in the opening, so that the oxide layer is located around the gate dielectric layer; and forming a gate on the gate dielectric layer, wherein the width of the bottom surface of the gate is less than the width of the top surface of the first active area.
 11. The manufacturing method of claim 10, wherein the gate has a first portion and a second portion, the first portion is located on the gate dielectric layer, the second portion is located on the first portion, and the width of the first portion is less than the width of the second portion.
 12. The manufacturing method of claim 10, further comprising: forming a plurality of second isolation structures in the memory region of the substrate, so that a second active area is defined between the plurality of second isolation structures, and the depth of each of the plurality of second isolation structures is less than the depth of each of the plurality of first isolation structures; and forming a memory structure is formed on the substrate in the memory region, wherein the memory structure comprises a tunneling dielectric layer and a floating gate formed on the tunneling dielectric layer.
 13. The manufacturing method of claim 12, wherein the forming method of the plurality of first isolation structures, the plurality of second isolation structures, the oxide layer and the memory structure comprises: forming an oxide material layer, a first conductive layer and a first mask layer in sequence on the substrate; patterning the first conductive layer and the first mask layer in the peripheral region to form a first patterned conductive layer and a first patterned mask layer in the peripheral region, wherein the first patterned conductive layer and the first patterned mask layer constitute a first stack structure; partially removing the first patterned conductive layer in the first stack structure; patterning the first conductive layer and the first mask layer in the memory region to form a second patterned conductive layer and a second patterned mask layer in the memory region, wherein the second patterned conductive layer and the second patterned mask layer constitute a second stack structure; partially removing the oxide material layer and the substrate using the first stack structure and the second stack structure as masks to form first trenches in the peripheral region and second trenches in the memory region, and to form the tunneling dielectric layer and the floating gate of the memory structure; forming the first isolation structures in the first trenches and forming the second isolation structures in the second trenches, wherein the first isolation structures cover a part of the oxide material layer; removing the first patterned mask layer and the second patterned mask layer; removing the first patterned conductive layer; and removing the oxide material layer not covered by the first isolation structures to form the oxide layer exposing the part of the substrate.
 14. The manufacturing method of claim 13, wherein the forming method of the memory structure further comprises: forming conductive spacers on the sidewalls of the second patterned conductive layer after forming a gate material layer in the peripheral region; forming a dielectric layer to cover the second patterned conductive layer and the conductive spacers; and forming a second conductive layer on the dielectric layer.
 15. The manufacturing method of claim 11, wherein the sidewalls of the first portion are aligned with the sidewalls of the gate dielectric layer.
 16. The manufacturing method of claim 10, wherein the top surface of the oxide layer is not higher than the top surface of the gate dielectric layer.
 17. The manufacturing method of claim 10, wherein the outer sidewalls of the oxide layer are aligned with the boundary of the top surface of the first active area.
 18. A flash memory, comprising: a substrate, having a memory region and a peripheral region; a plurality of isolation structures, disposed in the substrate and defining an active area; a memory structure, disposed on the substrate in the memory region and comprises: a tunneling dielectric layer, disposed on the substrate in the active area in the memory region; a floating gate, disposed on the tunneling dielectric layer; conductive spacers, disposed on the sidewalls of the floating gate; a control gate, covering the floating gate and the conductive spacers; and an inter-gate dielectric layer, disposed between the control gate and the floating gate and between the control gate and the conductive spacers; and a gate structure, disposed on the substrate in the active area in the peripheral region, wherein the width of the bottom surface of the gate structure is less than the width of the top surface of the active area in the peripheral region.
 19. The flash memory of claim 18, wherein the bottom surface of the conductive spacers is not lower than the top surface of the tunneling dielectric layer.
 20. The flash memory of claim 18, wherein the ratio of the width of the conductive spacers to the width of the floating gate does not exceed 1:4.5. 